Use of a mixture of coal and oil as an additive for selective reduction of lateritic ore by the Caron process

Abstract

Lateritic ores constitute the main source of raw material for extraction of Ni and Co by the Caron process. Consumption of oil in the reduction furnace is one of the key indicators if the metallurgical process is economical. To date it has not been possible to replace the additive fuel oil that is used at commercial scales, therefore, the aim of this study was to partially replace the oil with bituminous coal on a pilot scale by using a mixture of 2 % coal and 1.25 % oil as the reducer additive. Phases of the reduced/leached ores were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction, while the metallic state of the ore was determined by leaching the reacted samples with a bromine-ethanol solution followed by the atomic absorption spectrometry analysis. Extractions of Ni and Co were confirmed by leaching the reduced ore with ammoniacal-ammonium carbonate solutions. It was observed that the mixture used as a reducer additive can replace the fuel oil since it allows the adequate transformation of the main mineralogical phases of the laterite ore during the reduction process and the average extraction yields of Ni and Co for ~3 and ~8 %, respectively. Although the effect of bituminous coal particle size in the process was not analyzed, the reducing mixture ensured that the Caron process was more efficient.

Keywords

• nickel and cobalt recovery
• furnaces operation
• pyrometallurgy