Bit Error Probability of M-QAM under Impulsive Noise and Fading Modeled by Markov Chains

Abstract

This article presents new exact expressions, written in terms of elementary transcendental functions, for calculating the bit error probability of M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM) scheme considering the wireless communication channel modeled by a Markov chain with N states. For the numerical evaluation of the expressions obtained, a particular case of a Markov chain with two states is considered, with each state representing distinct scenarios. In the first scenario it is considered the presence of Gated Additive White Gaussian Noise (GAWGN) and fading eta-mu or kappa-mu, while the second scenario considers the presence of the Double Gated Additive White Gaussian Noise (G2AWGN) and fading eta-mu or kappa-mu. Bit error probability curves as a function of the signal-to-permanent-noise ratio for different values of the signal-to-impulsive-noise ratio, fading parameters and modulation order M are also presented.

Keywords

• Markov chains
• eta-mu fading
• kappa-mu fading
• bit error probability
• impulsive noise