Lichens in the agricultural land of Poland – diversity, threats, and protection: a literature review

Abstract

Agricultural landscapes provide interesting habitats and substrates occupied by lichens. Nevertheless, there are still gaps in knowledge about diversity of lichenized fungi in rural areas and factors that determine their occurrence, including anthropogenic impact. The review includes recognition of this topic in the regional context in Poland and presents literature data about species diversity and habitat groups. Human influences in terms of their significance for lichens disappearance as well as preservation of the lichen biota are analyzed. A list of threatened lichens found in rural areas as well as a proposal for protection of the lichen biota are given.

Keywords

• lichenized fungi
• rural areas
• habitat groups
• anthropogenic impact