Extent of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Stenotic Bicuspid Versus Tricuspid Aortic Valves

Abstract

Background Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital cardiac malformation, which is often complicated by aortic valve stenosis (AoS). In tricuspid aortic valve (TAV), AoS strongly associates with coronary artery disease (CAD) with common pathophysiological factors. Yet, it remains unclear whether AoS in patients with BAV is also associated with CAD. This study investigated the association between the aortic valve morphological features and the extent of CAD. Methods and Results A single‐center study was performed, including all patients who underwent an aortic valve replacement attributable to AoS between 2006 and 2019. Coronary sclerosis was graded on preoperative coronary angiographies using the coronary artery greater even than scoring method, which divides the coronaries in 28 segments and scores nonobstructive (20%–49% sclerosis) and obstructive coronary sclerosis (>49% sclerosis) in each segment. Multivariate analyses were performed, controlling for age, sex, and CAD risk factors. A total of 1296 patients (931 TAV and 365 BAV) were included, resulting in 548 matched patients. Patients with TAV exhibited more CAD risk factors (odds ratio [OR], 2.66; 95% CI, 1.79–3.96; P<0.001). Patients with BAV had lower coronary artery greater even than 20 (1.61±2.35 versus 3.60±2.79) and coronary artery greater even than 50 (1.24±2.43 versus 3.37±3.49) scores (P<0.001), even after correcting for CAD risk factors (P<0.001). Patients with TAV more often needed concomitant coronary revascularization (OR, 3.50; 95% CI, 2.42–5.06; P<0.001). Conclusions Patients with BAV who are undergoing surgery for AoS carry a lower cardiovascular risk profile, correlating with less coronary sclerosis and a lower incidence of concomitant coronary revascularization compared with patients with TAV.

Keywords

• aortic valve replacement
• aortic valve stenosis
• bicuspid aortic valve
• coronary artery disease