Effects of medication intake on the risk of hemorrhage in patients with sporadic cerebral cavernous malformations

• Bixia Chen,
• Kirstin Lahl,
• Dino Saban,
• Annika Lenkeit,
• Laurèl Rauschenbach,
• Alejandro N. Santos,
• Yan Li,
• Boerge Schmidt,
• Yuan Zhu,
• Ramazan Jabbarli,
• Karsten H. Wrede,
• Christoph Kleinschnitz,
• Ulrich Sure,
• Philipp Dammann

Affiliations

Bixia Chen

Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Kirstin Lahl

Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Dino Saban

Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Annika Lenkeit

Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Laurèl Rauschenbach

Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Alejandro N. Santos

Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Yan Li

Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Boerge Schmidt

Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Yuan Zhu

Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Ramazan Jabbarli

Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Karsten H. Wrede

Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Christoph Kleinschnitz

Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Ulrich Sure

Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Philipp Dammann

Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany