Features of diagnostics and treatments of the patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic ischtmia with threating lower limb loss

Abstract

The article presents the result of our own observation of the patient with a poor control of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) for a long period, complicated by obliterating atherosclerosis of the arteries of the lower extremities, Menckeberg’s sclerosis and chronic ischemia threatening loss of the lower extremity (CLLI). A feature of the clinical manifestation are complications associated with potentially regional (angiosomal) ischemia of the foot, as well as variant anatomy, represented by hypoplasia of the vascular lower leg in the patient. The clinical consequences of vascular calcification due to long-term decompensation of carbohydrate metabolism and the development of diabetic distal polyneuropathy (DDP) led to falsely high values of the cuff test in the patient. Disadvantages of non-invasive methods for diagnosing limb ischemia and advantages of the complex application of tests for diseases of the arteries of the lower extremities are discussed. Using WIFI classification according to the degree of ulceration, the degree of ischemia, and the degree of infection on the foot (Wound, Ischemia and Foot Infection), the tactics of managing the patient are presented. The important role of ultrasonic duplex scanning (USDS) in the visualization of the arteries of the legs and feet in patients with DM is substantiated. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the management of a comorbid patient with type 2 diabetes and CLTI is emphasized.

Keywords

• diabetes mellitus
• obliterating atherosclerosis of the lower limb arteries
• diabetic distal polyneuropathy, menckeberg sclerosis
• chronic ischemia threatening loss of the lower extremity
• ultrasound duplex scanning