Patient Preference and Adherence (Feb 2022)
Food Literacy and Its Associated Factors in Non-Dialysis Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
Di-Fei Duan,1,2,* Min Liu,1,2,* Yi Chen,1,2 Yue-Yang Huang,1,2 Yun-Ying Shi1 1Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China; 2West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yun-Ying Shi, Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China, Email [email protected]: Nephrology professionals’ understanding of food literacy (FL) and influencing factors is significant for nutrition management, which is key to controlling disease progress among non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, few studies have explored FL in CKD patients. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the level of FL of non-dialysis patients with CKD and to analyze influencing factors in China.Patients and Methods: A total of 203 CKD patients without dialysis were recruited from August to December 2020 to participate in a cross-sectional study. Food literacy was assessed by a modified short food literacy questionnaire for adults. Related influencing factors were measured by the motivation for dietary self-control scale and the satisfaction with dietary behavior scale. Data were also collected regarding patients’ health information-seeking behavior (four items), satisfaction and compliance with dietary advice from healthcare professionals (two items), and demographics and clinical diagnoses.Results: The mean age of patients was 44.5 years (range 18 to 75), and 42.5% were male. Most (50.2%) were in stages 1– 2 of CKD. The mean FL score of these patients was 38.75± 0.38. The multivariable linear regression analysis shows that secondary educational level (β=0.221, p=0.004), motivation for controlling diet (β=0.198, p=0.003), satisfaction with dietary behaviors (β=0.319, p< 0.001), and health information-seeking behavior (β=0.146, p=0.019) were significant influencing factors.Conclusion: Food literacy of Chinese CKD patients without dialysis should be improved. Patients with higher education levels exhibit more active information-seeking behaviors, have greater satisfaction with dietary behaviors, and their motivation for dietary self-control is more likely to be associated with better FL. Healthcare workers should be aware of factors influencing FL and attempt to integrate assessment of FL into routine food-related education for CKD patients.Keywords: motivation, satisfaction, information-seeking behavior, health literacy, nutrition
