Наука и техника (Oct 2014)
MODERN DESIGN EXPERIENCE OF MELIORATION FACILITIES AND RENOVATION OF MELIORATIVE SYSTEMS
Abstract
The paper is devoted to problems pertaining to renovation and new construction of drainage systems in accordance with the State program on conservation and use of reclaimed agricultural land of the Republic of Belarus. It has been It has been established on the basis of the analysis of soil, hydrological and topographic surveys at eight renovation and new construction sites that overwatering of agricultural land is mainly derived from silting of channels, drains and sewer mouths; poor organization of surface water runoff from fields and compaction of subsurface horizon.Project activities have been conducted in accordance with existing regulatory documents. Polyethylene corrugated pipes have been used while designing new facilities and renovation of existing drainage systems. Diameters of plastic collectors have been calculated from well-known hydraulic formulas depending on drainage flow module and catchment area. Surface low-country runoff has been driven mainly by gullies, open craters and wells sinks. Composition of technical solutions used in the reconstruction of reclamation systems has been determined not only by hydrological conditions and a high-tech state of elements in the existing drainage system, but also by planned agricultural use of reclaimed land.The paper considers some examples pertaining to application of various approaches to the objects of new reclamation construction on fertile soil and reconstruction of reclamation systems under different soil and hydrogeological conditions of the Republic. Main technical and economic indicators are given in the paper. It has been shown that technical solutions incorporated in the projects of new construction and reconstruction of reclamation systems provide significant improvement in soil water regime and their effective agricultural use.
