Clinical Ophthalmology (Nov 2022)
Evaluation of Streamed Hardware-to-Software Telemedicine Strabismus Consultations Utilizing Video Glasses
Abstract
Joy Li,1 Angeline M Nguyen,2,3 Talia Kolin,2– 4 Melinda Y Chang,2,3 Mark W Reid,2 Thomas C Lee,2,3 Sudha Nallasamy2,3 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 2The Vision Center, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 3USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 4Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Ambulatory Care Center, Los Angeles, CA, USACorrespondence: Sudha Nallasamy, The Vision Center, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Boulevard, MS #88, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA, Tel +1 323 361 4510, Fax +1 323 361 7993, Email [email protected]: While video glasses have been shown to be an effective tool for real-time pediatric strabismus telemedicine consultations, the high cost of the hardware-to-hardware conferencing system and bandwidth limitations may present barriers to accessibility and widespread adoption. This study evaluates the use of video glasses with a more affordable hardware-to-software video conferencing system for real-time strabismus consultations across multiple graders.Methods: A pediatric ophthalmologist (Grader 1) wearing video glasses simultaneously performed and recorded strabismus examinations in primary gaze, with and without correction, both at distance and near. Recorded parameters included strabismus category, angle measurements, and ocular motility. Three years later, four pediatric ophthalmologists (Graders 1– 4) reviewed and graded streamed video feed transmitted at 1 megabit per second (Mbps) from a hard-wired codec to software. Agreement between streamed and gold standard in-person findings was determined by weighted kappa (κ) for categorical variables, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for continuous variables, and percent agreement.Results: Eighteen patients aged 4– 11 years (median, 7 years) were included. Agreement in strabismus category between in-person and streamed examinations was perfect for both horizontal and vertical deviations (κ=1.0). Almost perfect agreement was found for degree manifest (tropia vs intermittent tropia vs phoria) across graders (κ=0.91, range 0.86– 0.97). Agreement for angle measurements was excellent across graders (ICC = 0.97, range 0.97– 0.98). Extraocular motility agreement was 90% for all graders combined, with Grader 1 having 100% agreement between her in-person and streamed examinations.Conclusion: Feed obtained from video glasses streamed through a hardware-to-software video conferencing system at 1 Mbps is a reliable tool for pediatric strabismus telemedicine evaluations.Keywords: telemedicine, strabismus, ophthalmology, pediatrics
