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(Re)concevoir les temps, le travail et les temps de travail à partir de la simulation : proposition théorique et méthodologique
Abstract
This article is the result of ergonomic action research carried out in a hospital environment. The method and tools we created, inspired by organisational simulation, are based on a multifactorial and systemic approach to the effects of working hours. These are determined by the interaction of dimensions, linked to the individual and the work, which constitute the situation concerned and which need to be taken into account in any change to the working time system. The article presents simulation media that have been created to represent not only the time system but also the other dimensions that make up the work situation, the activity through which these dimensions are articulated, and the diversity of viewpoints held by the different players. These simulation tools are of three types: temporal models, spatial models and mental diagrams. They were deployed in groups of people affected by the changes: carers, managers, doctors and secretaries. Analysis of these groups shows that the simulation tools were used to represent the temporal, spatial and simultaneous work flow, the current and future versions of the timetable system, and the dimensions of work and non-work impacted by the reorganisation solutions. The results confirm that the conceptual and operational articulation of organisational simulation, and the multifactorial and systemic approach constitute a relevant way of equipping a design approach based on working time.
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