Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment (Sep 2022)
Cerebral, Psychosocial, Family Functioning and Disability of Persons with Schizophrenia
Abstract
Marcelo Valencia,1 Rafael Medina,2 Eduardo Calixto,3 Noemí Rodríguez2 1Department of Innovation and Global Health, Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research Direction; National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico; 2Institute Jaliscience of Mental Health, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; 3Neurobiology Department, Neurosciences Direction, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente, Mexico City, MexicoCorrespondence: Marcelo Valencia, Department of Innovation and Global Health, Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research Direction, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Alcaldía Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14370, Mexico, Tel +52 1 55 4160 5164, Email [email protected]: The human brain is the most cognitively capable of mammalian brains, endowed as it is with an overdeveloped cerebral cortex that, in parallel, renders it vulnerable to mental disorders. Schizophrenia is the expression of the dysregulation of the neuronal activity of cortical and subcortical regions due to modifications in the levels of the various neurotransmitters, especially of dopamine, with a reciprocal, intimate relationship among genes with environmental and psychosocial factors. If the dopaminergic system increases the function prefrontal cortex will be reduced: this is the main reason of social, occupational and familiar disruption. The present article describes the function of the brain in schizophrenia and its relation with anatomical, physiological, and genetic changes, in addition to identifying, psychosocial and family factors that can be determinant in the functionality of the patient. A review of national and international bibliography was conducted bearing in mind the following variables: functioning at the cerebral level; psychosocial functioning, familial functioning, disability, and functionality in persons with schizophrenia. Due to the variety of the issues included in this review, it can be concluded that schizophrenia is the product of a complex array of symptoms, deficits and disabilities. It was identified that there is a reciprocal confluence of diverse genetic, psychosocial, familial, environmental, educative, and social factors which affect the functionality of persons with this disorder. The latter makes it necessary to study the patient taking into consideration all of these components in an integral manner.Keywords: cerebral functioning, psychosocial and family functioning, disability and functionality, schizophrenia
