Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Roasted Green Tea: Applications in Alginate–Gelatin Hydrogels for Bone Regeneration
Patricia Alejandra Chavez-Granados,
Rene Garcia-Contreras,
Cesar A. S. Reyes-Lopez,
Jose Correa-Basurto,
Irving E. Hernandez-Rojas,
Gabriela Hernandez-Gomez,
Carlos Alberto Jurado,
Abdulaziz Alhotan
Affiliations
Patricia Alejandra Chavez-Granados
Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Nanostructures, and Biomaterials Area, National School of Higher Studies (ENES) Leon, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Leon 37684, Mexico
Rene Garcia-Contreras
Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Nanostructures, and Biomaterials Area, National School of Higher Studies (ENES) Leon, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Leon 37684, Mexico
Cesar A. S. Reyes-Lopez
National Polytechnic Institute, National School of Medicine and Homeopathy, Mexico City 07320, Mexico
Jose Correa-Basurto
Laboratory of Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation, SEPI-Escuela Superior de Medicina, National Polytechnic Institute, Plan de San Luis and Díaz Mirón, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
Irving E. Hernandez-Rojas
Periodontics and Implantology Area, National School of Higher Studies (ENES) Leon, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Leon 37684, Mexico
Gabriela Hernandez-Gomez
Periodontics and Implantology Area, National School of Higher Studies (ENES) Leon, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Leon 37684, Mexico
Carlos Alberto Jurado
Operative Dentistry Division, Department of General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
Abdulaziz Alhotan
Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
The incorporation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into alginate–gelatin (Alg-Gel) hydrogels can enhance the properties of these materials for bone regeneration applications, due to the antimicrobial properties of AgNPs and non-cytotoxic concentrations, osteoinductive properties, and regulation of stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Here, the hydrogel formulation included 2% (w/v) sodium alginate, 4 µg/mL AgNPs, and 2.5% (w/v) gelatin. AgNPs were synthesized using a 2% (w/v) aqueous extract of roasted green tea with silver nitrate. The aqueous extract of roasted green tea for AgNP synthesis was characterized using HPLC and UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS, and antioxidant capacity was measured in Trolox equivalents (TE) from 4 to 20 nmol/well concentrations. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous tooth cells were used for differentiation assays including positive (SHEDs/hydrogel with AgNPs) and negative controls (hydrogel without AgNPs). FTIR was used for hydrogel chemical characterization. Statistical analysis (p < 0.05, ANOVA) confirmed significant findings. Roasted green tea extract contained caffeine (most abundant), (−)-Gallocatechin, gallic acid, and various catechins. XRD analysis revealed FCC structure, TEM showed quasispheroidal AgNPs (19.85 ± 3 nm), and UV–Vis indicated a plasmon surface of 418 nm. This integration of nanotechnology and biomaterials shows promise for addressing bone tissue loss in clinical and surgical settings.
