Journal of Virus Eradication (Jan 2018)

HIV-associated cognitive performance and psychomotor impairment in a Thai cohort on long-term cART

  • Tanya C. Do,
  • St.ephen J. Kerr,
  • Anchalee Avihingsanon,
  • Saowaluk Suksawek,
  • Supalak Klungkang,
  • Taweesak Channgam,
  • ChristophC Odermatt,
  • Wirach Maek-a-nantawat,
  • Kiat Ruxtungtham,
  • Jintanat Ananworanich,
  • Victor Valcour,
  • Peter Reiss,
  • Ferdinand W. Wit

Journal volume & issue
Vol. 4, no. 1
pp. 41 – 47

Abstract

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Objectives: To assess cognitive performance and psychomotor impairment in an HIV-positive cohort, well-suppressed on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), in an Asian resource-limited setting. Methods: Cross-sectional sociodemographic and cognitive data were collected in 329 HIV-positive and 510 HIV-negative participants. Cognitive performance was assessed using the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), WAIS-III Digit Symbol, Trail Making A, and Grooved Pegboard (both hands). Psychomotor test scores in the HIV-positive participants were converted to Z-scores using scores of the HIV-negative participants as normative data. Psychomotor impairment was defined as performance on two tests more than 1 standard deviation (SD) from controls or more than 2 SD on one test. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were used to investigate associations between HIV and non-HIV-related covariates and poorer cognitive performance and psychomotor impairment. Results: HIV-positive participants, mean age 45 (SD 7.69) years received cART for a median of 12.1 years (interquartile range [IQR] 9.1–14.4). Median CD4 cell count was 563 cells/mm3 (IQR 435–725), and 92.77% had plasma HIV RNA >40 copies/mL. The adjusted mean differences between HIV-positive versus HIV-negative cohorts indicated significantly inferior cognitive performance (tests all P>0.001) with increasing age and lower income, independently associated. Psychomotor impairment was found (P>0.02) in all tests except the Grooved Pegboard non-dominant hand (P=0.48). Psychomotor impairment prevalence was 43% in the HIV-positive cohort, associated with male gender and lower income. Conclusions: In this study, in individuals with viral suppression rates >90% on long-term cART, we found that inferior cognitive performance and psychomotor impairment were primarily associated with non-HIV-related factors.

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