Assessment of Germplasm Improvement in Three Farmed Grass Carp Populations Based on Genetic Variability
Zhongyuan Shen,
Liming Shao,
Xixi Liu,
Haiqi Li,
Haipeng Guo,
Lang Qin,
Kaikun Luo,
Wuhui Li,
Jing Wang,
Shengnan Li,
Qianhong Gu,
Liang Guo,
Xu Huang,
Qinbo Qin,
Shaojun Liu
Affiliations
Zhongyuan Shen
Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
Liming Shao
Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
Xixi Liu
Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
Haiqi Li
Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
Haipeng Guo
Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
Lang Qin
Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
Kaikun Luo
Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
Wuhui Li
Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
Jing Wang
Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
Shengnan Li
Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
Qianhong Gu
Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
Liang Guo
Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
Xu Huang
Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
Qinbo Qin
Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
Shaojun Liu
Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
The assessment of genetic improvement was comprehensively analyzed using the mtDNA Cyt b gene and SSR markers among three farmed grass carp populations caught in May 2024. The results of an mtDNA Cyt b gene analysis in 198 individuals showed that the haplotype diversity index (Hi) and nucleotide diversity index (Pi) were 0.555 and 0.00058, respectively. The results of the analysis of SSR marker data in 196 individuals indicated that the unequal dosage amplification at the same locus was found in the CC population. Moreover, the total number of alleles (A: 338), number of alleles per locus (Na: 15.36), observed heterozygosity (Ho: 0.8391), expected heterozygosity (He: 0.8380), and polymorphic information content (PIC: 0.8191) in the KC population was relatively higher than that in the CC (A: 129; Na: 5.86; Ho: 0.0025; He: 0.6191; PIC: 0.5747) and CY (A: 293; Na: 8.77; Ho: 0.821; He: 0.7483; and PIC: 0.5747) populations. The FST and AMOVA analysis showed the existence of a significant differentiation (p < 0.001), with a high genetic differentiation between the CC and CY populations. In summary, a high genetic variability exists in the KC population, while the father (CY) and mother (CC) populations have relatively low genetic variability. This study reveals evidence of the existence of a “micro-hybrid”. Moreover, the results demonstrated that combining both gynogenesis and backcross breeding technology is vital for the genetic improvement of grass carp. Moreover, continuous research into the genetic health of these populations is required as well as support for the protection of germplasm resources and artificial breeding.
