When Quantitative or Qualitative Data Are Not Enough: Application of Mixed Methods Research in Medical Education

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Mixed methods research, collecting and analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data in a single study, is an effective approach for expanding and triangulating research findings, particularly in complex, real-world situations and interactions. As a result, mixed methods research, and resources for conducting mixed methods research, have grown exponentially in recent years. Despite this growth, models for the application of mixed methods research in medical education remain underutilized. In addition, individuals conducting medical education research may lack access to researchers experienced in conducting mixed methods research. Methods The 90-minute workshop provides an overview of mixed methods research, reviews five research design models utilized in the application of mixed methods, summarizes and gives examples of effective applications of mixed methods in medical education research, leads participants through the design of medical education research projects using mixed methods, and provides guidelines and additional resources to learn more about mixed methods research. Workshop leaders should have an understanding of or experience using mixed methods in their medical education research projects. Ideally, two to three leaders will be involved, with at least one familiar with qualitative methods and one familiar with quantitative methods. Inclusion of lessons learned from their own use of mixed methods research designs is highly desirable. Materials provided for the workshop are an overview of the workshop, instructions, a PowerPoint presentation, and two handouts. Instructional methods used include didactic presentations, large- and small-group exercises, and interactive discussions. Results This workshop has been presented three times to faculty and residents over the past 3 years. It has received high marks for increasing knowledge of mixed methods research and understanding of how to implement mixed methods research. Discussion This workshop is intended for educators involved in medical education research with an interest in learning more about mixed method research models. Having groups design their own mixed methods studies is an effective method to help them apply the information presented.

Keywords

• Methodology
• Mixed Methods