Optimizing parking lot design by Generative design approach

Abstract

The article describes how to transform the time-consuming process of selecting design solutions for parking spaces according to regulatory requirements and terms of reference by building information modelling (BIM). The main purpose of the work is to determine the possibility of applying a generative approach to the parking lot design by creating an optimization model of variant design. The process of selecting design solutions for parking is considered by using mathematical modeling and multi-criteria optimization. A mathematical description of finding the optimal solution on the region of admissible ratios is obtained both between the two types of parking spaces required by regulatory documents (type 1-Standard, with dimensions of 5.3 × 2.5 meters; type 2 - for People with Limited Mobility (PLM), with dimensions of 6.0 × 3.6 meters) and between the occupied area and the total number of parking spaces. The optimization model of choosing design solutions for parking lot helps a design engineer to adapt changes in requirements for defining admissible options for space-planning solutions. The study proves that the task of choosing admissible and optimal solutions for the parking lot, depending on the set of conditions, can be performed by using algorithms, and, consequently, by using computer-aided design in BIM. The proposed approach to parking lot design allows the project organization to coordinate the initial conditions and solutions between the project participants and related departments, and also serves as the basis for solving subsequent design tasks, such as determining the economic efficiency, the safety of the parking project, and others.