Multi-Omics Approach Reveals Prebiotic and Potential Antioxidant Effects of Essential Oils from the Mediterranean Diet on Cardiometabolic Disorder Using Humanized Gnotobiotic Mice
María José Sánchez-Quintero,
Josué Delgado,
Laura Martín Chaves,
Dina Medina-Vera,
Mora Murri,
Víctor M. Becerra-Muñoz,
Mario Estévez,
María G. Crespo-Leiro,
Guillermo Paz López,
Andrés González-Jiménez,
Juan A. G. Ranea,
María Isabel Queipo-Ortuño,
Isaac Plaza-Andrades,
Jorge Rodríguez-Capitán,
Francisco Javier Pavón-Morón,
Manuel F. Jiménez-Navarro
Affiliations
María José Sánchez-Quintero
Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Nanomedicine Platform (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), 29590 Málaga, Spain
Josué Delgado
Higiene y Salud Alimentaria, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
Laura Martín Chaves
Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Nanomedicine Platform (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), 29590 Málaga, Spain
Dina Medina-Vera
Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Nanomedicine Platform (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), 29590 Málaga, Spain
Mora Murri
Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Nanomedicine Platform (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), 29590 Málaga, Spain
Víctor M. Becerra-Muñoz
Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Nanomedicine Platform (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), 29590 Málaga, Spain
Mario Estévez
Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Carne y Productos Cárnicos (IPROCAR), University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
María G. Crespo-Leiro
Biomedical Research Network Center for Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
Guillermo Paz López
Bioinformatics, Common Support Structures (ECAI), IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
Andrés González-Jiménez
Bioinformatics, Common Support Structures (ECAI), IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
Juan A. G. Ranea
Bioinformatics, Common Support Structures (ECAI), IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
María Isabel Queipo-Ortuño
Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Nanomedicine Platform (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), 29590 Málaga, Spain
Isaac Plaza-Andrades
Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Nanomedicine Platform (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), 29590 Málaga, Spain
Jorge Rodríguez-Capitán
Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Nanomedicine Platform (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), 29590 Málaga, Spain
Francisco Javier Pavón-Morón
Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Nanomedicine Platform (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), 29590 Málaga, Spain
Manuel F. Jiménez-Navarro
Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Nanomedicine Platform (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), 29590 Málaga, Spain
Essential oils sourced from herbs commonly used in the Mediterranean diet have demonstrated advantageous attributes as nutraceuticals and prebiotics within a model of severe cardiometabolic disorder. The primary objective of this study was to assess the influences exerted by essential oils derived from thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and oregano (Origanum vulgare) via a comprehensive multi-omics approach within a gnotobiotic murine model featuring colonic microbiota acquired from patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our findings demonstrated prebiotic and potential antioxidant effects elicited by these essential oils. We observed a substantial increase in the relative abundance of the Lactobacillus genus in the gut microbiota, accompanied by higher levels of short-chain fatty acids and a reduction in trimethylamine N-oxide levels and protein oxidation in the plasma. Moreover, functional enrichment analysis of the cardiac tissue proteome unveiled an over-representation of pathways related to mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and cardiac contraction. These findings provide compelling evidence of the prebiotic and antioxidant actions of thyme- and oregano-derived essential oils, which extend to cardiac function. These results encourage further investigation into the promising utility of essential oils derived from herbs commonly used in the Mediterranean diet as potential nutraceutical interventions for mitigating chronic diseases linked to CAD and T2DM.