The Effect of 600 keV Ag Ion Irradiation on the Structural, Optical, and Photovoltaic Properties of MAPbBr<sub>3</sub> Films for Perovksite Solar Cell Applications
Saddam Hussain,
Norah Alwadai,
Muhammad I. Khan,
Muhammad Irfan,
Ikram-ul-Haq,
Hind Albalawi,
Aljawhara H. Almuqrin,
Maha M. Almoneef,
Munawar Iqbal
Affiliations
Saddam Hussain
Department of Physics, University of Lahore, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
Norah Alwadai
Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
Muhammad I. Khan
Department of Physics, University of Lahore, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
Muhammad Irfan
Department of Physics, University of Lahore, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
Ikram-ul-Haq
Department of Physics, University of Lahore, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
Hind Albalawi
Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
Aljawhara H. Almuqrin
Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
Maha M. Almoneef
Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
Munawar Iqbal
Department of Chemistry, University of Lahore, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
A competitive new technology, organic metallic halide perovskite solar cells feature a wide working area, low manufacturing costs, a long lifespan, and a significant amount of large efficacy of power conversion (PCE). The spin-coating technique was utilized for the fabrication of pure CH3NH3PbBr3 (MAPbBr3) thin films, and these films are implanted with 600 keV silver (Ag) ions at fluency rate of 6 × 1014 and 4 × 1014 ions/cm2. XRD analysis confirmed the cubic structure of MAPbBr3. A high grain size was observed at the fluency rate of 4 × 1014 ions/cm2. The UV-Vis spectroscopic technique was used to calculate the optical properties such as the bandgap energy (Eg), refractive index (n), extinction coefficients (k), and dielectric constant. A direct Eg of 2.44 eV was measured for the pristine film sample, whereas 2.32 and 2.36 eV were measured for Ag ion-implanted films with a 4 × 1014 and 6 × 1014 ions/cm2 fluence rate, respectively. The solar cells of these films were fabricated. The Jsc was 6.69 mA/cm2, FF was 0.80, Voc was 1.1 V, and the efficiency was 5.87% for the pristine MAPbBr3-based cell. All of these parameters were improved by Ag ion implantation. The maximum values were observed at a fluency rate of 4 × 1014 ions/cm2, where the Voc was 1.13 V, FF was 0.75, Jsc was 8.18 mA/cm2, and the efficiency was 7.01%.
