Relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and microalbuminuria in patients with newly diagnosed essential hypertension

Abstract

Purpose: Vitamin D deficiency is known that associated with hypertension. Microalbuminuria (MAU) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and MAU in newly diagnosed essential hypertension (NDEH) patients. Methods: A total of 116 patients with a diagnosis of NDEH were enrolled in the study. The diagnosis of hypertension was based on ABPM. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to 25(OH)D levels: Group 1: (25(OH)D)>20 ng/mL was defined as Vitamin D sufficiently (VDS), while Group 2: (25(OH)D)<20 ng/mL was defined Vitamin D deficiently (VDD). The relationship between 25(OH)D and MAU was analyzed. The results were analyzed using the SPSS program version 21. Results: The mean age of the patients was 58.4 ± 14.7 years and 60 (51.7%) of them were female. The prevalence of MAU was 18.9% and Vitamin D deficiency was 61.2% in NDEH. Linear regression analysis showed that 25(OH)D was independently related to MAU [β 0.643, 95% confidence interval 1.173–1.631, p = .011]. Besides, male gender, C-reactive protein, non-dipper hypertension, and diastolic blood pressure were independent risk factors associated with MAU in the multivariate analysis (p < .05). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in NDEH patients. This study showed that the level of microalbuminuria was significantly higher in patients with 25(OH)D deficiency compared to patients with normal 25(OH)D levels. Vitamin D deficiency is independently related to microalbuminuria in NDEH.

Keywords

• essential hypertension
• 25-hydroxyvitamin d
• ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
• microalbuminuria
• kidney