Biomedicines (Feb 2024)

Advances in Pharmacological Approaches for Managing Hypercholesterolemia: A Comprehensive Overview of Novel Treatments

  • Andrea Mormone,
  • Giovanni Tortorella,
  • Francesca Esposito,
  • Alfredo Caturano,
  • Aldo Marrone,
  • Domenico Cozzolino,
  • Raffaele Galiero,
  • Raffaele Marfella,
  • Ferdinando Carlo Sasso,
  • Luca Rinaldi

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12020432
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 12, no. 2
p. 432

Abstract

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Hypercholesterolemia plays a crucial role in the formation of lipid plaques, particularly with elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels, which are linked to increased risks of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease. Controlling blood cholesterol values, specifically reducing LDL-C, is widely recognized as a key modifiable risk factor for decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases. Historically, statins, by inhibiting the enzyme β-hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG)-CoA reductase, have been among the most effective drugs. However, newer non-statin agents have since been introduced into hypercholesterolemia therapy, providing a viable alternative with a favorable cost–benefit ratio. This paper aims to delve into the latest therapies, shedding light on their mechanisms of action and therapeutic benefits.

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