Research progress of anti‐γ‐aminobutyric acid B receptor encephalitis and a case report of paraneoplastic associated encephalitis and treatment analysis

Abstract

Abstract Encephalitis is one of the common diseases in neurology. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatments are essential. Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) generally refers to a type of encephalitis mediated by autoimmune mechanisms. It is gradually considered to be an important cause of reversible encephalitis caused by noninfectious factors. It can occur in children, adolescents, and adults, and is clinically characterized by multifocal or diffuse brain damage such as personality changes, seizures, and cognitive impairment, with an overall good effect of immunotherapy. According to the clinical features of the patients, blood and cerebrospinal fluid tests, neuroelectrophysiology, cranial imaging, treatment and prognosis, AEs can be broadly divided into specific antigen (antibody)‐related AEs and nonspecific antigen (or antibody) ‐related AEs. With the development of AEs research, more and more anti‐neuron antibodies have been found, which provides an important reference for the diagnosis and treatment of AEs. Understanding the knowledge about AEs is important to discover new diseases and deepen the understanding of the immunopathological mechanisms of existing central nervous system diseases. Anti‐γ‐aminobutyric acid B (GABA‐B) receptor encephalitis is a type of AE, but this disease is rare in AE, often develop to the clinical manifestations of marginal encephalitis, accompanied by obvious seizures or status epilepticus, Some patients had tumors, mainly small‐cell carcinoma, prompt diagnosis, early immunotherapy and, if necessary, tumor treatment resulted in complete or partial neurological improvement in most patients.

Keywords

• anti‐γ‐aminobutyric acid B receptor encephalitis
• epilepsy
• peripheral lung cancer