PLoS ONE (Jan 2020)

The first 2 months of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Yemen: Analysis of the surveillance data.

  • Ali Ahmed Al-Waleedi,
  • Jeremias D Naiene,
  • Ahmed A K Thabet,
  • Adham Dandarawe,
  • Hanan Salem,
  • Nagat Mohammed,
  • Maysa Al Noban,
  • Nasreen Salem Bin-Azoon,
  • Ammar Shawqi,
  • Mohammed Rajamanar,
  • Riyadh Al-Jariri,
  • Mansoor Al Hyubaishi,
  • Lina Khanbari,
  • Najib Thabit,
  • Basel Obaid,
  • Manal Baaees,
  • Denise Assaf,
  • Mikiko Senga,
  • Ismail Mahat Bashir,
  • Nuha Mahmoud,
  • Roy Cosico,
  • Philip Smith,
  • Altaf Musani

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241260
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 15, no. 10
p. e0241260

Abstract

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IntroductionYemen was one of the last countries in the world to declare the first case of the pandemic, on 10 April 2020. Fear and concerns of catastrophic outcomes of the epidemic in Yemen were immediately raised, as the country is facing a complex humanitarian crisis. The purpose of this report is to describe the epidemiological situation in Yemen during the first 2 months of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.MethodsWe analyzed the epidemiological data from 18 February to 05 June 2020, including the 2 months before the confirmation of the first case. We included in our analysis the data from 10 out of 23 governorates of Yemen, located in southern and eastern part of the country.ResultsA total of 469 laboratory confirmed, 552 probable and 55 suspected cases with onset of symptoms between 18 February and 5 June 2020 were reported through the surveillance system. The median age among confirmed cases was 46 years (range: 1-90 years), and 75% of the confirmed cases were male. A total of 111 deaths were reported among those with confirmed infection. The mean age among those who died was 53 years (range: 14-88 years), with 63% of deaths (n = 70) occurring in individuals under the age 60 years. A total of 268 individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were hospitalized (57%), among whom there were 95 in-hospital deaths.ConclusionsThe surveillance strategy implemented in the first 2 months of the SARS CoV 2 in the southern and eastern governorates of Yemen, captured mainly severe cases. The mild and moderate cases were not self-reported to the health facilities and surveillance system due to limited resources, stigma, and other barriers. The mortality appeared to be higher in individuals aged under 60 years, and most fatalities occurred in individuals who were in critical condition when they reached the health facilities. It is unclear whether the presence of other acute comorbidities contributed to the high death rate among SARS-CoV-2 cases. The findings only include the southern and eastern part of the country, which is home to 31% of the total population of Yemen, as the data from the northern part of the country was inaccessible for analysis. This makes our results not generalizable to the rest of the country.