The aim of this project was to define indications for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in follicular lymphoma in Europe. In the absence of evidence-based data, a RAND-modified Delphi procedure was used by an expert panel. After pre-defining statements, these were individually/anonymously scored by each participant using a 9-point scale. Consensus was reached that: 1) high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell rescue is not an appropriate option to consolidate first remission in patients responding to immuno-chemotherapy outside clinical trials; 2) in patients with first chemo-sensitive relapse, high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell rescue is an appropriate option to consolidate remission, especially in patients with a short response after immuno-chemotherapy or with high-risk FLIPI; 3) high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell rescue is also appropriate in second/subsequent chemo-sensitive relapses; 4) allotransplant (preferably a reduced intensity conditioning-allotransplant) should be considered at relapse after high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell rescue. No consensus was reached on the role of high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell rescue in low-risk first relapse, or on when an allotransplant should be preferred over high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell rescue. In the absence of evidence-based data, the consensus method used was a valuable tool to define indications for hematopoietic stem cell transplant in follicular lymphoma.
