Biomarkers associated with coronavirus disease-19 disease progression in a Mexican hospital

Abstract

Introduction: The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a worldwide challenge. There are few useful tools to predict patient outcomes. Identification of biomarkers able to predict progression of the disease could improve the treatment of these patients. Objective: The objective of the study was to identify biomarkers of disease progression among patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients hospitalized in the American British Cowdray Medical Center in Mexico City. Disease progression was defined as use of vasoactive amines, need of non-invasive or invasive mechanical ventilation or death. Studied biomarkers included neutrophil/lymphocyte index, lymphocyte/platelet Ratio, C reactive protein, procalcitonin, D Dimer, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), ferritin, 25–OH–Vitamin D, and interleukin 6. Results: We report 46 patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Mean age was 51 years, the majority of whom 30 (65%) male. Median hospitalization was 9 days. 23 (50%) of patients presented disease progression. Ferritin and LDH were strongly associated with disease progression among our cohort. In addition, age was associated with worst prognosis with a relative risk 4.5 (1.2-16.9, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Age, ferritin, and LDH were associated with disease progression among patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia.

Keywords

• Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Coronavirus disease-19. Biomarkers. Lactic dehydrogenase. Ferritin. Mexico.