Current Immunotherapy Strategies for Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Immunoengineering and Delivery Systems
Chenyu Zhang,
Peixiang Ma,
An Qin,
Liao Wang,
Kerong Dai,
Yuanyuan Liu,
Jie Zhao,
Zuyan Lu
Affiliations
Chenyu Zhang
School of Medicine,
Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
Peixiang Ma
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
An Qin
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Liao Wang
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Kerong Dai
Clinical and Translational Research Center for 3D Printing Technology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Yuanyuan Liu
School of Medicine,
Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
Jie Zhao
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Zuyan Lu
Clinical and Translational Research Center for 3D Printing Technology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease accompanied by persistent multiarticular synovitis and cartilage degradation. The present clinical treatments are limited to disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and aims to relieve pain and control the inflammation of RA. Despite considerable advances in the research of RA, the employment of current clinical procedure is enormous, hindered by systemic side effect, frequent administration, tolerance from long-lasting administration, and high costs. Emerging immunoengineering-based strategies, such as multiple immune-active nanotechnologies via mechanism-based immunology approaches, have been developed to improve specific targeting and to reduce adverse reactions for RA treatments. Here, we review recent studies in immunoengineering for the treatment of RA. The prospect of future immunoengineering treatment for RA has also been discussed.
