Precise control of the structure of metallic nanomaterials is critical for the advancement of nanobiotechnology. As DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) can readily modify various moieties, such as sulfhydryl, carboxyl, and amino groups, using DNA as a directing ligand to modulate the morphology of nanomaterials is a promising strategy. In this review, we focus on the use of DNA as a template to control the morphology of metallic nanoparticles and their biomedical applications, discuss the use of DNA for the metallization of gold and silver, explore the factors that influence the process, and outline its biomedical applications. This review aims to provide valuable insights into the DNA-guided growth of nanomaterials. The challenges and future directions are also discussed.
