Journal Of Babylon Center For Humanities Studies (Apr 2021)
روسيا القيصرية في عهد ايفان الرابع 1533 -1584م Tsarist Russia during the reign of Tsar Ivan IV 1533-1584 AD
Abstract
According to the study, Russia's basic problem is that it is isolated and far from international trade and navigation. It has no coasts except on the Arctic Ocean, an ice sea whose waters are frozen most of the year, and the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea are closed. The sea and find an external outlet by controlling the sea especially the Baltic Sea, the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea in order to reach the warm waters. Emperor IV showed a remarkable ability as a qualified and qualified statesman, distinguished by his knowledge and insight, and with remarkable talent, perseverance and perseverance in fighting the enemies of the Russian state, especially Sweden and Poland, which controlled the Baltic Sea and keen on its political and economic interests. His military plans and expansionist policy to open a window to his country overlooking the seas to rid his country of geographical isolation. The study revealed that The Tsar IV had achieved political success as a result of his overthrow of the vast fertile land adjacent to the Volga Kazan and Astrakhan. The Volga River has become a purely Russian channel, A new impetus to the development of the Russian state. The Tsar followed the policy of violence and cruelty and killed and looted all the cities he passed through. He stripped the clerics of all their privileges and preferred a certain class to another class without taking into account the demands of the Russian society and restricting their political and cultural freedoms. Most of the cities he took over to strengthen the military establishment at the expense of others, which led to the spread of hatred, hatred and hostility among his people, was supposed to make all his efforts to achieve solidarity and love among the classes of Russian society, because solidarity and meet the needs of the people of his country leads to the sovereignty a Security, stability and unity will lead to breaking the thorn of enemies in the territory of the Russian state. The study explained that The study showed that the Russian Tsar made all his efforts to realize Russia's political ambitions. The 25-year-old Livonian War (1558-1583) fought for an outlet to the Baltic The 15-year-old Leviticus War (1558-1583) was used to secure access to the Baltic Sea. The Russians lost their land in the Gulf of Finland, and it turned out that the Russian state was not there at the time. And Russia will continue its wars against the enemies to complete its expansion plans towards the sea and to establish diplomatic, political and economic relations with the countries of the world.
