Variation in Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Infection in Spanish Minority Vine Varieties
Susana Boso,
Pilar Gago,
José-Luis Santiago,
Gregorio Muñoz-Organero,
Félix Cabello,
Belén Puertas,
Anna Puig,
Carme Domingo,
M. Esperanza Valdés,
Daniel Moreno,
Emilia Diaz-Losada,
José F. Cibriain,
Oier Dañobeitia-Artabe,
José-Antonio Rubio-Cano,
Jesús Martínez-Gascueña,
Adela Mena-Morales,
Camilo Chirivella,
Jesús-Juan Usón,
María-Carmen Martínez
Affiliations
Susana Boso
Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Carballeira 8, 36143 Salcedo, Spain
Pilar Gago
Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Carballeira 8, 36143 Salcedo, Spain
José-Luis Santiago
Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Carballeira 8, 36143 Salcedo, Spain
Gregorio Muñoz-Organero
Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Finca El Encín, Ctra. A-2 km 38, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
Félix Cabello
Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Finca El Encín, Ctra. A-2 km 38, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
Belén Puertas
Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera y de la Producción Ecológica, Ctra. Cañada de la Loba (CA-3101) Pk. 3.1, 11471 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
Anna Puig
Catalan Institute of Vine and Wine—Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (INCAVI-IRTA), Plaça Àgora 2, 08720 Vilafranca del Penedès, Spain
Carme Domingo
Catalan Institute of Vine and Wine—Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (INCAVI-IRTA), Plaça Àgora 2, 08720 Vilafranca del Penedès, Spain
M. Esperanza Valdés
Center for Scientific and Technological Research of Extremadura (CICYTEX), Food and Agriculture, Technology Institute of Extremadura (INTAEX), Avenue Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
Daniel Moreno
Center for Scientific and Technological Research of Extremadura (CICYTEX), Food and Agriculture, Technology Institute of Extremadura (INTAEX), Avenue Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
Emilia Diaz-Losada
Estación de Viticultura y Enología de Galicia (EVEGA), Ponte San Clodio s/n, 32419 Leiro, Spain
José F. Cibriain
Estación de Viticultura y Enología de Navarra (EVENA), C. del Valle de Orba, 34, 31390 Olite, Spain
Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACYL), Finca Zamadueñas, Ctra. Burgos km. 119, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
Jesús Martínez-Gascueña
Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal de Castilla-La Mancha (IRIAF), Ctra. Toledo-Albacete s/n, 13700 Tomelloso, Spain
Adela Mena-Morales
Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal de Castilla-La Mancha (IRIAF), Ctra. Toledo-Albacete s/n, 13700 Tomelloso, Spain
Camilo Chirivella
Servicio de Producción Ecológica e Innovación, Instituto Tecnológico de Viticultura y Enología, Av. del General Pereyra, 4, 46340 Requena, Spain
Jesús-Juan Usón
Centro Transferencia Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Avda. de Movera S/N, 50001 Zaragoza, Spain
María-Carmen Martínez
Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Carballeira 8, 36143 Salcedo, Spain
Downy mildew is one of the most destructive diseases affecting grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.). Caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola (Berk. and Curt.) Berl. and de Toni, it can appear anywhere where vines are cultivated. It is habitually controlled by the application of phytosanitary agents (copper-based or systemic) at different stages of the vine growth cycle. This, however, is costly, can lead to reduced yields, has a considerable environmental impact, and its overuse close to harvest can cause fermentation problems. All grapevines are susceptible to this disease, although the degree of susceptibility differs between varieties. Market demands and European legislation on viticulture and the use of phytosanitary agents (art. 14 of Directive 128/2009/EC) now make it important to know the sensitivity of all available varieties, including minority varieties. Such knowledge allows for a more appropriate use of phytosanitary agents, fosters the commercial use of these varieties and thus increases the offer of wines associated with different terroirs, and helps identify material for use in crop improvement programmes via crossing or genetic transformation, etc. Over 2020–2021, the susceptibility to P. viticola of 63 minority vine varieties from different regions of Spain was examined in the laboratory using the leaf disc technique. Some 87% of these varieties were highly susceptible and 11% moderately susceptible; just 2% showed low susceptibility. The least susceptible of all was the variety Morate (Madrid, IMIDRA). Those showing intermediate susceptibility included the varieties Sanguina (Castilla la Mancha, IVICAM), Planta Mula (Comunidad Valenciana, ITVE), Rayada Melonera (Madrid, IMIDRA), Zamarrica (Galicia, EVEGA), Cariñena Roja (Cataluña, INCAVI), Mandrègue (Aragón, DGA) and Bastardo Blanco (Extremadura, CICYTEX). The highly susceptible varieties could be differentiated into three subgroups depending on sporulation severity and density.