Prevalence of left ventricular thrombus formation after mitral valve edge-to-edge repair

Abstract

Abstract The prevalence of left ventricular (LV) thrombus formation following percutaneous mitral valve edge-to-edge repair (TMVR) with the MitraClip system is unclear. Decreased total stroke volume and perfusion of the LV apex after mitral valve repair may facilitate thrombus formation especially in the context of reduced LV function. LV thrombus may cause disabling stroke or other thromboembolic events in this elderly and multimorbid patient cohort. Analyses of the prevalence of and risk factors for left ventricular thrombus formation in patients treated with the MitraClip system due to severe mitral valve regurgitation. All discharge and follow-up transthoracic echocardiographic examinations up to 6 months of 453 consecutive patients treated with the MitraClip system were screened for the presence of LV thrombus. Prevalence of LV thrombus formation was 1.1% (5/453). Importantly, LV thrombi were exclusively found in patients with severely depressed left ventricular systolic function (LV-EF < 30%), comprising a prevalence of 4.4% in this subgroup (5/113). Importantly, two of these patients were under active DOAC therapy with Rivaroxaban and Apixaban, respectively. Apart from LV-EF, we did not identify other factors that might have facilitated LV thrombus formation. LV thrombus formation following percutaneous mitral valve repair occurred exclusively in patients with severely depressed LV-EF. As two patients developed LV thrombus despite of DOAC therapy, anticoagulation with a Vitamin K antagonist should be considered in patients with an indication for oral anticoagulation following TMVR.