Epidemiological Characteristics and Genotypic Features of Rotavirus and Norovirus in Jining City, 2021–2022

Changjing Wu; Zhongyan Fu; Cuihua Xie; Jian Zhao; Feifei He; Boyan Jiao; Baihai Jiao

doi:10.3390/v16060925

Viruses (Jun 2024)

Epidemiological Characteristics and Genotypic Features of Rotavirus and Norovirus in Jining City, 2021–2022

Changjing Wu,
Zhongyan Fu,
Cuihua Xie,
Jian Zhao,
Feifei He,
Boyan Jiao,
Baihai Jiao

Affiliations

Changjing Wu: Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining 272000, China
Zhongyan Fu: Department of Infectious Disease Control, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250001, China
Cuihua Xie: Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining 272000, China
Jian Zhao: Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining 272000, China
Feifei He: Computer Information Technology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
Boyan Jiao: Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining 272000, China
Baihai Jiao: Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/v16060925
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 16, no. 6
p. 925

Abstract

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Diarrhea, often caused by viruses like rotavirus (RV) and norovirus (NV), is a global health concern. This study focuses on RV and NV in Jining City from 2021 to 2022. Between 2021 and 2022, a total of 1052 diarrhea samples were collected. Real-Time Quantitative Fluorescent Reverse Transcriptase-PCR was used to detect RV-A, NV GI, and NV GII. For RV-A-positive samples, VP7 and VP4 genes were sequenced for genotype analysis, followed by the construction of evolutionary trees. Likewise, for NV-GII-positive samples, VP1 and RdRp genes were sequenced for genotypic analysis, and evolutionary trees were subsequently constructed. Between 2021 and 2022, Jining City showed varying detection ratios: RV-A alone (excluding co-infection of RV-A and NV GII) at 7.03%, NV GI at 0.10%, NV GII alone (excluding co-infection of RV-A and NV GII) at 5.42%, and co-infection of RV-A and NV GII at 1.14%. The highest RV-A ratios were shown in children ≤1 year and 2–5 years. Jining, Jinxiang County, and Liangshan County had notably high RV-A ratios at 24.37% (excluding co-infection of RV-A and NV GII) and 18.33% (excluding co-infection of RV-A and NV GII), respectively. Jining, Qufu, and Weishan had no RV-A positives. Weishan showed the highest NV GII ratios at 35.48% (excluding co-infection of RV-A and NV GII). Genotype analysis showed that, in 2021, G9P[8] and G2P[4] were dominant at 94.44% and 5.56%, respectively. In 2022, G8P[8], G9P[8], and G1P[8] were prominent at 75.86%, 13.79%, and 10.35%, respectively. In 2021, GII.3[P12], GII.4[P16], and GII.4[P31] constituted 71.42%, 14.29%, and 14.29%, respectively. In 2022, GII.3[P12] and GII.4[P16] accounted for 55.00% and 45.00%, respectively. RV-A and NV showed varying patterns for different time frames, age groups, and regions within Jining. Genotypic shifts were also observed in prevalent RV-A and NV GII strains in Jining City from 2021 to 2022. Ongoing monitoring of RV-A and NV is recommended for effective prevention and control.

Published in Viruses

ISSN: 1999-4915 (Online)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Science: Microbiology
Website: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/viruses

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