Functionally graded materials: review on manufacturing by Liquid and gas based techniques

Abstract

New materials called functionally graded materials (FGMs) have qualities that gradually alter in relation to their dimensions. This collection of materials represents a significant advancement over earlier composite material. FGM is made up of two or more components that work together to produce the qualities necessary for the intended use. This article provides an overview of the various FGM classifications, fabrication techniques (gas based and liquid based), and applications. The problems associated with the manufacturing of FGM are addressed in the study. This paper also reviews the present state of knowledge in the areas of selection of material, manufacturing process, characterization studies, and modelling of FGM. The potential applications of the FGM, with their advantages and disadvantages, are discussed in this paper. The proposed new primary paths for FGMs research are based on the categories that have been presented and the most recent improvements in analysis and production methods.

Keywords

• functional graded materials
• chemical vapour deposition
• thermal spray
• gel-casting methods