Difficulties with Replication and Vulnerability of Refutation: the Case of “Ego Depletion Effect”

Abstract

The aim of the paper is highlighting problems associated with attempts to replicate well-known psychological experiments on the example of the effect of depletion of self-regulation resource, or “ego depletion” (Roy Baumeister). The publication of this effect in 1998 was followed by a long and rich history of its checking in varied modifications, attempts to investigate its neurophysiological basis, metaanalyses which provided incoherent results and alternative explanations. The discussions around this effect became especially active in the last five years, when several attempts were published to replicate the effect by joint efforts of a number of independent laboratories; the results were again contradictory. The limitations of the possibility of exact replications are shown on the example of these attempts. The replications, the results of which fail to reproduce the results of the initial study are not to be viewed without reservations as the proofs of invalidation of the initial study, even if they are performed methodologically faultlessly. At the same time, their value consists in the opportunities of considering additional conditions which were initially left without proper consideration, as well as in the emerging alternative explanations.