Clusterin Is a Prognostic Biomarker of Lower-Grade Gliomas and Is Associated with Immune Cell Infiltration

Abstract

Dysregulation of clusterin (CLU) has been demonstrated in many cancers and has been proposed as a regulator of carcinogenesis. However, the roles of CLU in gliomas remain unclear. The expression of CLU was assessed using TIMER2.0, GEPIA2, and R package 4.2.1 software, leveraging data from TCGA and/or GTEx databases. Survival analysis and Cox regression were employed to investigate the prognostic significance of CLU. Immune infiltration was evaluated utilizing TIMER2.0, ESTIMATE, and CIBERSORT. The findings reveal the dysregulated expression of CLU in many cancers, with a marked increase observed in glioblastoma and lower-grade glioma (LGG). High CLU expression indicated worse survival outcomes and was an independent risk factor for the prognosis in LGG patients. CLU was involved in immune status as evidenced by its strong correlations with immune and stromal scores and the infiltration levels of multiple immune cells. Additionally, CLU was co-expressed with multiple immune-related genes, and high CLU expression was associated with the activation of immune-related pathways, such as binding to the antigen/immunoglobulin receptor and aiding the cytokine and cytokine receptor interaction. In conclusion, CLU appears to play crucial roles in tumor immunity within gliomas, highlighting its potential as a biomarker or target in glioma immunotherapy.

Keywords

• clusterin
• glioma
• immune infiltration
• prognostic