Hospital door handle design and their contamination with bacteria: a real life observational study. Are we pulling against closed doors?

Abstract

ObjectiveTo determine whether microbial contamination of door handles in two busy intensive care units and one high dependency unit was related to their design, location, and usage.DesignObservational study of the number of viable bacteria on existing door handles of different design at defined entry/exit points with simultaneous data collection of who used these doors and how often.SettingTwo busy specialised intensive care units and one high dependency unit in a tertiary referral NHS neurological hospital.Main outcome measuresSurface bacterial density on door handles with reference to design, location, and intensity of use.ResultsWe found a significant correlation between the frequency of movements through a door and the degree to which it was contaminated (p=ConclusionsDoor handles in busy, "real life" high acuity clinical environments were variably contaminated with bacteria, and the number of bacteria found related to design, location, mode and frequency of operation. Largely ignored issues of handle and environmental design can support or undermine strategies designed to limit avoidable pathogen transmission, especially in locations designed to define "thresholds" and impose physical barriers to pathogen transmission between clinical areas. Developing a multidisciplinary approach beyond traditional boundaries for purposes of infection control may release hitherto unappreciated options and beneficial outcomes for the control of at least some hospital acquired infections.