International Journal of Nanomedicine (Sep 2022)

The Mucoadhesive Nanoparticle-Based Delivery System in the Development of Mucosal Vaccines

  • Zhao K,
  • Xie Y,
  • Lin X,
  • Xu W

Journal volume & issue
Vol. Volume 17
pp. 4579 – 4598

Abstract

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Kai Zhao,1,2 Yinzhuo Xie,2 Xuezheng Lin,1 Wei Xu3 1Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Nanobiomaterials and Immunology, School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, People’s Republic of China; 3College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Kai Zhao, Tel +86 576 88660338, Email [email protected] Xuezheng Lin, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, People’s Republic of China, Email [email protected]: Mucosal tissue constitutes the largest interface between the body and the external environment, regulating the entry of pathogens, particles, and molecules. Mucosal immunization is the most effective way to trigger a protective mucosal immune response. However, the majority of the currently licensed vaccines are recommended to be administered by intramuscular injection, which has obvious shortcomings, such as high production costs, low patient compliance, and lack of mucosal immune response. Strategies for eliciting mucosal and systemic immune responses are being developed, including appropriate vaccine adjuvant, delivery system, and bacterial or viral vectors. Biodegradable mucoadhesive nanoparticles (NPs) are the most promising candidate for vaccine delivery systems due to their inherent immune adjuvant property and the ability to protect the antigen from degradation, sustain the release of loaded antigen, and increase the residence time of antigen at the administration site. The current review outlined the complex structure of mucosa, the mechanism of interaction between NPs and mucosa, factors affecting the mucoadhesion of NPs, and the application of the delivery system based on mucoadhesive NPs in the field of vaccines. Moreover, this review demonstrated that the biodegradable and mucoadhesive NP-based delivery system has the potential for mucosal administration of vaccines.Graphical Abstract: Keywords: delivery system, nanoparticles, mucosal vaccine, mucosal immunization, mucosal adhesion

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