Promising immunomodulatory effects of bacterial lysates in the prevention and treatment of acute and recurrent respiratory infections in children

Abstract

A.L. Zaplatnikov1, E.V. Kanner2, I.D. Kanner3, A.A. Girina4, I.M. Farber5, M.L. Maximov1,6 1Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation 2Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russian Federation 3Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation 4Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russian Federation 5I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation 6Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Kazan, Russian Federation The incidence of influenza and acute respiratory infections (ARI) continues to grow, including due to limited opportunities for immunoprophylaxis of the most common respiratory infections, in particular, acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI). Attempts are being made to reduce the children susceptibility to respiratory pathogens through the rational use of nonspecific immunoprophylactic agents, among which bacterial lysates (BL) occupy a special place. BL key patterns, contributing to the prevention of viral infections, are innate immune response activation, excessive inflammatory response prevention, adaptive immune response stimulation. BL contain fragments of inactivated various pathogenic bacteria strains that are important in the ARI etiology. Obtaining lysates of bacterial strains is possible by mechanical or chemical lysis. The article discusses the results of preclinical and clinical studies on BL, as well as suggests the expediency of further study concerning the BL pharmacodynamic effects within the modern concept of trained immunity. The authors conclude that BL as a trained immunity inducer according to the rationally selected regimen can contribute to the respiratory infections' prevention both during COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic period. Keywords: acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections, influenza, trained immunity, immunoprophylaxis, bacterial lysate. For citation: Zaplatnikov A.L., Kanner E.V., Kanner I.D., Girina A.A., Farber I.M., Maximov M.L. Promising immunomodulatory effects of bacterial lysates in the prevention and treatment of acute and recurrent respiratory infections in children. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2023;6(3):290–297 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2023-6-3-12.