Antimicrobial activity of impregnated antibiotic matrix materials for bone tissue defect reconstruction

Abstract

Introduction. Combinations of fibrous materials with therapeutic agents as a drug delivery system are currently studied. A new direction has appeared in reconstructive surgery – tissue engineering, which aims to restore biological functions, i.e. tissue regeneration, not only to replace it with synthetic material. The objective of the study was to evaluate the antibiotic-sorbing ability of the three-dimensional non-woven matrices we created for reconstructing bone defects, made of polycaprolactone, and the possibility of releasing the impregnated antibiotic from the matrix material. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the Department of Surgical Dentistry of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine, between September 12, 2019 – October 3, 2019. We used samples of three-dimensional micro-fibrous non-woven matrix for the defects’ reconstruction of the bone tissue made of polycaprolactone according to the developed technique. Collagen fragments were used as control. Results. The evaluation of the preservation of antibiotics in samples of matrix materials was performed on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 14th, 18th and 21st day of the experiment. The obtained experimental data indicate that both drugs (cefazolin and lincomycin) were stored in significant quantities both in the collagen and the polycaprolactone matrix, throughout the entire observation period. Lincomycin impregnated in the polymer matrix is less stable during storage than cefazolin. Antibiotics impregnated in the collagen matrix are stored slightly better than when impregnated into polycaprolactone, due to a smaller pore diameter in collagen and, accordingly, a better expressed capillary effect. Conclusions. The developed matrix materials are a mean of a one-time local delivery of the drug to tissues in the damaged zone. This is especially relevant in surgical dentistry, since even strict adherence to aseptic rules cannot ensure that individual microbial cells from the surface of the oral mucosa and saliva get into the surgery area.

Keywords

• matrix materials
• collagen
• polycaprolactone
• impregnation with antibiotics
• cefazolin
• lincomycin