Corinthian Currants Promote the Expression of Paraoxonase-1 and Enhance the Antioxidant Status in Serum and Brain of 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Dimitris Lymperopoulos,
Anastasia-Georgia Dedemadi,
Maria-Lydia Voulgari,
Eirini Georgiou,
Ioannis Dafnis,
Christina Mountaki,
Eirini A. Panagopoulou,
Michalis Karvelas,
Antonia Chiou,
Vaios T. Karathanos,
Angeliki Chroni
Affiliations
Dimitris Lymperopoulos
Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
Anastasia-Georgia Dedemadi
Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
Maria-Lydia Voulgari
Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
Eirini Georgiou
Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
Ioannis Dafnis
Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
Christina Mountaki
Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
Eirini A. Panagopoulou
Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 17676 Kallithea, Greece
Michalis Karvelas
Research and Development Department, Agricultural Cooperatives’ Union of Aeghion, 25100 Aeghion, Greece
Antonia Chiou
Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 17676 Kallithea, Greece
Vaios T. Karathanos
Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 17676 Kallithea, Greece
Angeliki Chroni
Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
Paraoxonase-1 (PON1), a serum antioxidant enzyme, has been implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis that involves early oxidative damage. Corinthian currants and their components have been shown to display antioxidant and other neuroprotective effects in AD. We evaluated the effect of a Corinthian currant paste-supplemented diet (CurD), provided to 1-month-old 5xFAD mice for 1, 3, and 6 months, on PON1 activity and levels of oxidation markers in serum and the brain of mice as compared to a control diet (ConD) or glucose/fructose-matched diet (GFD). Administration of CurD for 1 month increased PON1 activity and decreased oxidized lipid levels in serum compared to ConD and GFD. Longer-term administration of CurD did not, however, affect serum PON1 activity and oxidized lipid levels. Furthermore, CurD administered for 1 and 3 months, but not for 6 months, increased PON1 activity and decreased free radical levels in the cortex of mice compared to ConD and GFD. To probe the mechanism for the increased PON1 activity in mice, we studied the effect of Corinthian currant polar phenolic extract on PON1 activity secreted by Huh-7 hepatocytes or HEK293 cells transfected with a PON1-expressing plasmid. Incubation of cells with the extract led to a dose-dependent increase of secreted PON1 activity, which was attributed to increased cellular PON1 expression. Collectively, our findings suggest that phenolics in Corinthian currants can increase the hepatic expression and activity of antioxidant enzyme PON1 and that a Corinthian currant-supplemented diet during the early stages of AD in mice reduces brain oxidative stress.
