The Influence of Strain Rate Behavior on Laminated Glass Interlayer Types for Cured and Uncured Polymers

Abstract

Recent explosions and impact events have highlighted the exposure of civil structures, prompting the need for resilient new constructions and retrofitting of existing ones. Laminated glass panels, particularly in glazed facades, are increasingly used to enhance blast resistance. However, the understanding of glass fragments and their interaction with the interlayer is still incomplete. This paper investigates experimentally the quasi-static and dynamic responses of cured and uncured polymers for seven different materials—two different products of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), two ethylene vinyl acetate products (EVA), one product of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and two SentryGlas products (SG)—that were tested between 21 and 32 °C (69.8 and 89.6 °F), which is the recommended room temperature. In these experiments, the responses of PVB, EVA, TPU, and SG were evaluated under a quasi-static strain rate of 0.033 s−1 and compared to the results under a relatively higher strain rate of 2 s−1. Moreover, the high strain rate loading of the materials was accomplished using a drop-weight testing appliance to evaluate the engineering stress–strain response under strain rates between 20 and 50 s−1. The results demonstrated that with strain rates of 20 s−1, PVB behaved like a material with viscoelastic characteristics, but at 45 s−1 strain rates, PVB became a non-elastic material. SG, on the other hand, offered both a high stiffness and a high level of transparency, making it a very good alternative to PVB in structural applications. In contrast, after the maximum stress point, the response to the failure of the seven materials differed significantly. The tests provided ample information for evaluating alternative approaches to modeling these different materials in blast events.

Keywords

• interlayer
• laminated glass
• high strain rate
• cured and uncured polymers