Redshift Evolution of the Feedback–Cooling Equilibrium in the Core of 48 SPT Galaxy Clusters: A Joint Chandra–SPT–ATCA Analysis

F. Ruppin; M. McDonald; J. Hlavacek-Larrondo; M. Bayliss; L. E. Bleem; M. Calzadilla; A. C. Edge; M. D. Filipović; B. Floyd; G. Garmire; G. Khullar; K. J. Kim; R. Kraft; G. Mahler; R. P. Norris; A. O’Brien; C. L. Reichardt; T. Somboonpanyakul; A. A. Stark; N. Tothill

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acc38d

The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2023)

Redshift Evolution of the Feedback–Cooling Equilibrium in the Core of 48 SPT Galaxy Clusters: A Joint Chandra–SPT–ATCA Analysis

F. Ruppin,
M. McDonald,
J. Hlavacek-Larrondo,
M. Bayliss,
L. E. Bleem,
M. Calzadilla,
A. C. Edge,
M. D. Filipović,
B. Floyd,
G. Garmire,
G. Khullar,
K. J. Kim,
R. Kraft,
G. Mahler,
R. P. Norris,
A. O’Brien,
C. L. Reichardt,
T. Somboonpanyakul,
A. A. Stark,
N. Tothill

Affiliations

F. Ruppin: ORCiD; Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA [email protected]; Univ. Lyon , Univ. Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
M. McDonald: ORCiD; Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA [email protected]
J. Hlavacek-Larrondo: ORCiD; Département de Physique, Université de Montréal , C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
M. Bayliss: ORCiD; Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
L. E. Bleem: ORCiD; High Energy Physics Division , Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
M. Calzadilla: ORCiD; Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA [email protected]
A. C. Edge: ORCiD; Department of Physics, University of Durham , South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
M. D. Filipović: ORCiD; School of Science, Western Sydney University , Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
B. Floyd: ORCiD; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri-Kansas City , 5110 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
G. Garmire: ORCiD; Huntingdon Institute for X-ray Astronomy , LLC, USA
G. Khullar: ORCiD; Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA [email protected]; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
K. J. Kim: ORCiD; Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
R. Kraft: ORCiD; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
G. Mahler: ORCiD; Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University , South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK; Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University , South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
R. P. Norris: School of Science, Western Sydney University , Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; CSIRO Astronomy & Space Science , P.O. Box 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia
A. O’Brien: ORCiD; Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
C. L. Reichardt: ORCiD; School of Physics, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
T. Somboonpanyakul: ORCiD; Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA
A. A. Stark: ORCiD; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
N. Tothill: ORCiD; School of Science, Western Sydney University , Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc38d
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 948, no. 1
p. 49

Abstract

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We analyze the cooling and feedback properties of 48 galaxy clusters at redshifts 0.4 < z < 1.3 selected from the South Pole Telescope (SPT) catalogs to evolve like the progenitors of massive and well-studied systems at z ∼ 0. We estimate the radio power at the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) location of each cluster from an analysis of Australia Telescope Compact Array data. Assuming that the scaling relation between the radio power and active galactic nucleus (AGN) cavity power P _cav observed at low redshift does not evolve with redshift, we use these measurements in order to estimate the expected AGN cavity power in the core of each system. We estimate the X-ray luminosity within the cooling radius L _cool of each cluster from a joint analysis of the available Chandra X-ray and SPT Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) data. This allows us to characterize the redshift evolution of the P _cav / L _cool ratio. When combined with low-redshift results, these constraints enable investigations of the properties of the feedback–cooling cycle across 9 Gyr of cluster growth. We model the redshift evolution of this ratio measured for cool-core clusters by a log-normal distribution $\mathrm{Log}$ - ${ \mathcal N }(\alpha +\beta z,{\sigma }^{2})$ and constrain the slope of the mean evolution to β = −0.05 ± 0.47. This analysis improves the constraints on the slope of this relation by a factor of two. We find no evidence of redshift evolution of the feedback–cooling equilibrium in these clusters, which suggests that the onset of radio-mode feedback took place at an early stage of cluster formation. High values of P _cav / L _cool are found at the BCG location of noncool-core clusters, which might suggest that the timescales of the AGN feedback cycle and the cool core–noncool core transition are different. This work demonstrates that the joint analysis of radio, SZ, and X-ray data solidifies the investigation of AGN feedback at high redshifts.

Published in The Astrophysical Journal

ISSN: 1538-4357 (Online)
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Country of publisher: United Kingdom
LCC subjects: Science: Astronomy: Astrophysics
Website: https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0004-637X

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