Zinc-Doped Bioactive Glass/Polycaprolactone Hybrid Scaffolds Manufactured by Direct and Indirect 3D Printing Methods for Bone Regeneration
Nafise Elahpour,
Isabella Niesner,
Cédric Bossard,
Nora Abdellaoui,
Valérie Montouillout,
Franck Fayon,
Christine Taviot-Guého,
Tina Frankenbach,
Alexander Crispin,
Pardis Khosravani,
Boris Michael Holzapfel,
Edouard Jallot,
Susanne Mayer-Wagner,
Jonathan Lao
Affiliations
Nafise Elahpour
Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
Isabella Niesner
Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
Cédric Bossard
Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
Nora Abdellaoui
Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
Valérie Montouillout
Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux: Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), CNRS-UPR3079, Université Orléans, F-45071 Orléans, France
Franck Fayon
Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux: Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), CNRS-UPR3079, Université Orléans, F-45071 Orléans, France
Christine Taviot-Guého
Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/UMR 6296, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
Tina Frankenbach
Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
Alexander Crispin
Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
Edouard Jallot
Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
Susanne Mayer-Wagner
Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
Jonathan Lao
Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
A novel organic–inorganic hybrid, based on SiO2-CaO-ZnO bioactive glass (BG) and polycaprolactone (PCL), associating the highly bioactive and versatile bioactive glass with clinically established PCL was examined. The BG–PCL hybrid is obtained by acid-catalyzed silica sol–gel process inside PCL solution either by direct or indirect printing. Apatite-formation tests in simulated body fluid (SBF) confirm the ion release along with the hybrid’s bone-like apatite forming. Kinetics differ significantly between directly and indirectly printed scaffolds, the former requiring longer periods to degrade, while the latter demonstrates faster calcium phosphate (CaP) formation. Remarkably, Zn diffusion and accumulation are observed at the surface within the newly formed active CaP layer. Zn release is found to be dependent on printing method and immersion medium. Investigation of BG at the atomic scale reveals the ambivalent role of Zn, capable of acting both as a network modifier and as a network former linking the BG silicate network. In addition, hMSCs viability assay proves no cytotoxicity of the Zn hybrid. LIVE/DEAD staining demonstrated excellent cell viability and proliferation for over seven weeks. Overall, this hybrid material either non-doped or doped with a metal trace element is a promising candidate to be translated to clinical applications for bone regeneration.