Electron beam powder bed fusion of Ti-30Ta high-temperature shape memory alloy: microstructure and phase transformation behaviour

Abstract

The present study reports on additive manufacturing of a Ti-30Ta (at.%) high-temperature shape memory alloy (HT-SMA) using electron beam powder bed fusion (PBF-EB/M) technique. Detailed microstructure analysis was conducted to reveal the microstructural evolution along the entire process chain, i.e. from gas-atomised powder to post-processed material. PBF-EB/M processed structures with near full density and an isotropic, β-phase stabilised microstructure, i.e. equiaxed β-grains of around 20 µm in diameter with no preferred crystallographic orientation, are reported. As revealed by differential scanning calorimetry, post-process heat-treated Ti-Ta demonstrates a reversible martensitic phase transformation well above 100°C. Although partly unmolten Ta-particles after both gas atomisation and PBF-EB/M remain a challenge towards robust processing, PBF-EB/M appears to show significant potential for fabrication of Ti-Ta HT-SMAs, especially when functional metal parts and components with complex shapes are required, which are difficult to fabricate conventionally.

Keywords

• Additive manufacturing
• pre-alloyed powder
• EIGA
• refractory metals
• martensitic phase transformation