Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ()

Anthelmintic effect of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and its nanoemulsion on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes

  • Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo,
  • Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira,
  • Weibson Paz Pinheiro André,
  • José Vilemar de Araújo Filho,
  • Jéssica Maria Leite dos Santos,
  • Fernanda Cristina Macedo Rondon,
  • Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro,
  • Ana Lourdes Fernandes Camurça-Vasconcelos,
  • Erick Falcão de Oliveira,
  • Haroldo César Beserra de Paula,
  • Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612019065

Abstract

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Abstract The anthelmintic resistance stimulated the search for strategies for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes, including the use of free essential oils or its nanoemulsion. This study evaluated the anthelmintic efficacy of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil (CcEO) and C. citratus essential oil nanoemulsion (CcEOn). Pysicochemical analyses were performed. The in vitro effect was determined using the egg hatch test (EHT) on Haemonchus contortus and in vivo effect was evaluated in sheep infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. The animals were treated with CcEO (500 mg/kg) or CcEOn (450 mg/kg) for the fecal egg count (FEC) and the determination of worm burden. The main component of CcEO was citral. The CcEO content in the nanoemulsion was 20% (v/v), and the mean particle size was 248 nm. In EHT, CcEO and CcEOn (1.25 mg/mL) inhibited larval hatching by 98.4 and 97.1%, respectively. Three animals treated with CcEO died whereas in the group treated with CcEOn one animal died. The FEC and total worm burden of the treated groups did not differ from the negative control (p>0.05). The CcEOn showed efficacy only on H. contortus (p<0.05). In conclusion, nanoencapsulation reduced toxicity and increased efficacy on H. contortus.

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