A Comprehensive Review of Strategies toward Efficient Flexible Piezoelectric Polymer Composites Based on BaTiO<sub>3</sub> for Next-Generation Energy Harvesting
Ayda Bouhamed,
Sarra Missaoui,
Amina Ben Ayed,
Ahmed Attaoui,
Dalel Missaoui,
Khawla Jeder,
Nesrine Guesmi,
Anouar Njeh,
Hamadi Khemakhem,
Olfa Kanoun
Affiliations
Ayda Bouhamed
Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia
Sarra Missaoui
Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials & Applications (LaMMA), Faculty of Sciences Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
Amina Ben Ayed
Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials & Applications (LaMMA), Faculty of Sciences Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
Ahmed Attaoui
Professorship Measurement and Sensor Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
Dalel Missaoui
Laboratory for Physics of Materials (LPM), Faculty of Sciences Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
Khawla Jeder
Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials & Applications (LaMMA), Faculty of Sciences Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
Nesrine Guesmi
Laboratory for Physics of Materials (LPM), Faculty of Sciences Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
Anouar Njeh
Laboratory for Physics of Materials (LPM), Faculty of Sciences Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
Hamadi Khemakhem
Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials & Applications (LaMMA), Faculty of Sciences Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
Olfa Kanoun
Professorship Measurement and Sensor Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
The increasing need for wearable and portable electronics and the necessity to provide a continuous power supply to these electronics have shifted the focus of scientists toward harvesting energy from ambient sources. Harvesting energy from ambient sources, including solar, wind, and mechanical energies, is a solution to meet rising energy demands. Furthermore, adopting lightweight power source technologies is becoming more decisive in choosing renewable energy technologies to power novel electronic devices. In this regard, piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) based on polymer composites that can convert discrete and low-frequency irregular mechanical energy from their surrounding environment into electricity have attracted keen attention and made considerable progress. This review highlights the latest advancements in this technology. First, the working mechanism of piezoelectricity and the different piezoelectric materials will be detailed. In particular, the focus will be on polymer composites filled with lead-free BaTiO3 piezoceramics to provide environmentally friendly technology. The next section will discuss the strategies adopted to enhance the performance of BaTiO3-based polymer composites. Finally, the potential applications of the developed PENGs will be presented, and the novel trends in the direction of the improvement of PENGs will be detailed.
