Subjetividade e linguagem são mutuamente excludentes?

Abstract

Whenever philosophy is occupied with subjectivity, language is absent. And whenever language is focused, subjectivity is not, as Foucault argues in The Order of Things. Since the ending of the 19th century language has been a central matter in logic, linguistics and analytic philosophy. Thinking is possible just if there is a semantic structure, following Frege and Wittgenstein (linguistic turn). But in this kind of thinking, the speech and the context do not count, just the sentence in its form of proposition. It is necessary to take into account speakers, the speech acts and the dialogue context. After the pragmatic turn, language is a matter of “intersubjectivity”, and in this sense, language and subjectivity are not mutually exclusive. These is clear in Wittgenstein’s conception of language game, of Habermas’ communicative rationality and in Rorty’s critique of representation; following their concepts of life forms, understanding and the use of discourse, the subject is a construction, a result of action and language.

Keywords

• Linguistic turn
• Pragmatic turn
• Subjectivity