Antibiotic-Eluting Envelopes for the Prevention of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections: Rationale, Efficacy, and Cost-Effectiveness

Abstract

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Infections related to cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite optimal use of antimicrobials and other preventive strategies, the incidence of CIED infections is increasing over time leading to considerable costs to the healthcare systems. Recently, antibiotic-eluting envelopes (AEEs) have been introduced as a promising technology to prevent CIED infections. This review will address the current evidence on stratification of CIED infection risk, present the rationale behind AEE, and summarize the currently available evidence for CIED infection prevention as well as demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of this novel technology.

Keywords

• cardiac implantable electronic device
• infection
• pacemaker
• cardiac resynchronization therapy
• implantable cardioverter defibrillator
• antibiotic eluting envelope