Applied Food Research (Dec 2024)
Physicochemical and textural properties of gummy candies prepared with fruit vinegar
Abstract
Foods with additional functional value derived from natural sources are becoming more and more in demand these days, including confectionary products. Therefore, the study aimed to develop a gummy candy recipe, enriched with different fruit vinegars and determine the components' effect on the products' mineral, acid, sugar, antioxidant, and polyphenol content, and texture of the confectionery products with analytical methods. In terms of macroelement content, potassium was present in the largest amount in the tested candies (167.87 and 178.83 mg kg-1) and liquid ingredients (57,71–306.93 mg kg-1). In the case of microelements, iron (4.81, 4.79 mg kg-1) and boron (4.62, 4.49 mg kg-1) were significant in the products, iron is also found in gelatin in significant quantities (3.51 mg kg-1), however, boron came exclusively from fruit-derived components (1.02–9.40 mg kg-1). Among the tested organic acids, malic acid (21.67–46.12 mg g-1), and acetic acid (47.74–50.06 mg g-1) were significant in both the raw materials and products, while the fructose content (2.44–439.35 mg g-1) was prominent among the sugars, but the glucose (75.99–163.44 mg g-1) and sucrose (73.61–157.00 mg g-1) content were also significant. Unfortunately, the polyphenol (1.37–1.46 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant (0.29–0.75 mg AAE/g) content of the products was not significant, maybe because of their heat sensitivity. In terms of the texture of the candies, the two candies prepared with different fruit vinegars had similar textural properties, however, in terms of hardness (3523.10 N/m2), gumminess (3266.25 N/m2), and chewiness (3425.33 N/m2) the gummy candy with apple cider vinegar proved to be better. Unlike many other confectionery products, the sugar content of the developed product is provided only by the used the apple concentrate, it does not contain added sugar or sweeteners. The addition of fruit vinegars has been proven to have a positive effect on the nutritional values of candies. By replacing gelatin with another gelling agent, the product can also be prepared in a vegan form.
