Rethinking Therapeutics: Drug Repurposing in Periodontal Therapy: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Drug repositioning investigates new uses for existing drugs, including both approved and discontinued medications. This strategy offers lower failure risks, faster development times and higher success rates while reducing reliance on antibiotics. Current treatments for periodontitis focus on modulating the immune response to combat pathogens. A promising approach involves using pharmaceuticals to reduce inflammation, which is the main cause of bone resorption, and to promote regeneration. Metformin, an antidiabetic drug, can enhance alveolar bone formation. Statins, known for lowering cholesterol levels, possess antimicrobial and anti-infective properties. Bisphosphonates, used to improve bone density, can affect osteoblast and osteoclast morphology and have antibacterial properties. Melatonin, typically used for sleep disorders, is an antioxidant that reduces the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. The present review explores the multifaceted benefits of repurposing these drugs for the management of periodontal disease.

Keywords

• drug repositioning
• drug resistance
• hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase inhibitors
• melatonin
• metformin
• periodontitis