Germination response of Oat (Avena sativa L.) to temperature and salinity using halothermal time model
Sulaiman,
Sami Ullah,
Shah Saud,
Ke Liu,
Matthew Tom Harrison,
Shah Hassan,
Taufiq Nawaz,
Muhammad Zeeshan,
Jamal Nasar,
Imran Khan,
Haitao Liu,
Muhammad Adnan,
Sunjeet Kumar,
Muhammad Ishtiaq Ali,
Asif Jamal,
Mo Zhu,
Naushad Ali,
Sardar Ali,
Khaled El-Kahtany,
Shah Fahad
Affiliations
Sulaiman
Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Sami Ullah
Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; Corresponding authors.
Shah Saud
College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, PR China; Corresponding authors.
Ke Liu
Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Burnie 7250, Tasmania, Australia
Matthew Tom Harrison
Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Newnham Drive, Launceston TAS 7248, Australia
Shah Hassan
Department of Agricultural Extension Education and Communication, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
Taufiq Nawaz
Department of Biology/Microbiology, South Dakota State University, 57006, USA
Muhammad Zeeshan
Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
Jamal Nasar
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
Imran Khan
Center for Life Science, Ventures Weill Hall 413A Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
Haitao Liu
College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
Muhammad Adnan
Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
Sunjeet Kumar
Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China; Corresponding authors.
Muhammad Ishtiaq Ali
Department of Microbiology, Quaid i Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
Asif Jamal
Department of Microbiology, Quaid i Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
Mo Zhu
College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, Xinxiang 453000, PR China
Naushad Ali
Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, The University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Sardar Ali
Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, The University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Khaled El-Kahtany
Geology and Geophysics Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Shah Fahad
Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan; Corresponding author at: Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan.
Seed germination is a complex physiological process influenced by abiotic stresses such as drought, temperature, salinity along with other biological and physical means. Halothermal time model (HaloTT) permitted quantitative assessment of seed germination at different water potential (ψ) and temperature (T). The present study aimed to evaluate the reliability of HaloTT model and to find cardinal temperature values for seed germination of Oats under various Ts and ψs. Avena sativa L. Var. Swan seeds were incubated at seven constant Ts under five various ψs prepared through sodium chloride (NaCl) at Plant Physiology Lab., University of Peshawar, Pakistan. The cardinal Ts measured through HaloTT model for Oats seed germination were 10, 30 and 40 °C for the base (Tb), optimum (To) and ceiling (Tc) temperatures correspondingly in distilled water (0 MPa). The maximum halotime constant (θHalo) was recorded as 48 MPa °Ch−1 at 30 °C in distilled water (0 MPa). The highest value of halotime and thermal time of germination rate was observed at -2.0 MPa at 40 °C. Germination percentage (GP), germination rate index (GRI), germination energy (GE), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG), timson germination index (TGI), mean germination rate (MGR) and coefficient of variation of germination time (CVt) was observed maximum in 0 MPa at 30 °C, while minimum in -2.0 MPa at 40 °C. Contrarily the high rate of mean germination time (MGT) and time to 50 % germination (T50 %) was reported in -2.0 MPa and -1.5 MPa at 10 and 40 °C, while in distilled water (0 MPa) is lowest at 25 and 30 °C. Thus, we concluded that HaloTT model precisely interpret germination responses to various ψs across different Ts and may be used as an accurate and simple method to predict germination parameters under natural field conditions.
