Evaluación de la capacidad antioxidante y metabolitos secundarios de extractos de dieciséis plantas medicinales

Abstract

This study evaluated the antioxidant capacity of sixteen medicinal plants: Escoba amarga (Parthenium hysterophons), ajenjo (Artemisia absinthium), guarumo (Cecropia obtusifolia), chaya (Cnidoscolus chayamansa), borraja (Borago officinalis), balsa (Ochroma sp.), linaza (Linum usitatissimum), hierba Luisa (Cymbopogon citratus), toronjil (Melissa officinalis), buganvilla (Bougainvillea spectabilis), alcachofa (Cynara scolymus), guaviduca (Piper carpunya), altamisa (Ambrosia cumanensis), diente de León (Taxacum officinales), buscapina (Parietaria officinalis)and moringa (Moringa oleifera). For this, the DPPH (radical 1, 1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazil) method was used; furthermore, recognition assays of secondary metabolites were performed, in order to obtain the first signs of phytochemical compounds of interest. The free radical scavenging activity of the extracts was expressed as IC value (g/mL) (necessary amount to inhibit the formation of 50% of DPPH radical). The low value of IC50 reflects better free radical scavenging action. Although most of the samples tested showed good antioxidant capacity with this method (DPPH), tests of hydroalcoholic extracts show that alcachofa (IC50 9.89 mg/mL), moringa (IC50 11.4 mg/mL) and borraja (IC50 14.0 mg/mL) were those with higher antioxidant capacity. Through chemical characterization tests, the presence of flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes, alkaloids and saponins were detected in most of the analyzed species (approximately 56-69%); only 20% of them showed the presence of polyphenols, cyanogenic glycosides, lactones, coumarins, anthraquinones and sterols. According to the results obtained, these plants might be considered as promising sources of secondary metabolites with antioxidant activity.

Keywords

• antioxidant capacity
• medicinal plants
• secondary metabolites